Travel Tips for Malta: Ultimate Guide To Know Before You Go
Embarking on a journey to the heart of the Mediterranean, travelers seeking the best travel tips for Malta will find a treasure trove of cultural richness and scenic beauty. From the azure waters of the Blue Lagoon to the ancient streets of Valletta, Malta invites adventurers and leisure seekers alike to explore its many wonders.
Navigating the islands is a vital part of your travel plans, with options ranging from public transport to car rentals that allow you to explore Malta at your own pace. Accommodation in Malta caters to a wide range of preferences, from luxury resorts to cozy guesthouses. Timing is essential to make the most of your trip — consider the island’s seasonal activities and climate to choose the best period for your visit. Discovering the culinary delights and local gastronomy is also a highlight, offering a taste of the islands’ rich history through traditional dishes and wines.
Affiliate Disclaimer: Some links on this blog are affiliate links. This means that, at no additional cost, the author may earn a small commission if you purchase through these links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.
About Malta
Malta, a small island nation in the Mediterranean Sea, boasts a rich tapestry of history that stretches back millennia. As a European country, it has been a strategic naval base due to its location, leading to a diverse cultural heritage.
The ancient temples scattered across the islands are a testament to its long-standing human presence, predating even the famous pyramids of Egypt. In the 16th century, the Knights of St. John left an indelible mark on Maltese history, fortifying the islands and imprinting their legacy on the local culture.
The salt pans, still in use today, reflect the island’s historical reliance on the sea. Meanwhile, the Marsaxlokk fish market continues to be a bustling center of daily life. The fresh catch and vibrant atmosphere evoke the island’s enduring connection to the Mediterranean waters.
Malta’s past is a mosaic of influences, each piece contributing to the unique character of this captivating European gem.
Our Trusted Resources
Booking.com: for booking accommodations
Fare Drop: for finding the best airfare deals.
Viator or Get Your Guide: for all my activities
Discover Cars: for car rentals
Airalo: for eSIM card
Trainline: for booking train tickets
Vuori & prAna: great sources for travel clothes
Columbia: great clothes and accessories for outdoor adventures.
International Drivers Permit: for getting your IDP
Essential Malta Information to Know For You Go
When planning your trip to Malta, it’s important to familiarize yourself with some essential information to ensure a smooth experience.
Communication Essentials
English and Maltese are the two official languages of Malta. English is widely spoken and understood, so you can comfortably navigate the islands using it. Public signs and official documents are typically available in both languages.
Common Maltese Words:
Although English is widely spoken, knowing a few basic words in Maltese shows locals that you appreciate learning about their culture.
- Thank You – Grazzi!
- Good morning – Bongu!
- Good evening – Bonswa
- Hello – Il-ġurnata it-tajba!
- Where is the bathroom? – Fejn hi l-kamra tal-banju?
- You’re Welcome – Merħba bik
- Yes – Iva
- No – Le
Electricity
Malta uses Type G plugs for electrical devices, which is the same three-pin system used in the UK. The electricity supply runs at 230V, 50Hz. Ensure your devices are compatible, or consider bringing an adapter.
Currency and Payments
Malta is part of the Eurozone, so the local currency is the Euro (€). Cash payments are standard, but credit and debit cards are accepted in most places, including ATMs across the islands, for your convenience.
Remember, when you travel to another country, always pay in their local currency for the best savings.
Malta Tipping
10% is the most common, although there is no set standard. In bars and cafes, the norm is to round to the nearest significant amount. It is not required to tip taxis but to round to the nearest amount or leave a small tip.
Visa Travel Requirements
Malta is part of the Schengen Zone. That means it is part of 26 European countries. Once you are in one, you can move about any of them.
Most non-European passports, such as the United States or Canada) follow “visa-free” rules in Schengen Area, meaning you can stay 90 days in the Zone over 180 days.
Always check your Visa requirements before visiting a foreign country.
Purchase Travel Insurance
Travel insurance is essential to any trip, acting as a safety net that provides peace of mind. Unforeseen events such as trip cancellations, medical emergencies, or lost luggage can occur, and the costs associated with these mishaps can be substantial. By securing travel insurance, you safeguard against these potential losses and ensure you are covered for unexpected circumstances.
Moreover, it offers reassurance that should you require medical attention while abroad, excessive healthcare costs won’t burden you. Investing in travel insurance is a small price to pay for the security and confidence it brings, allowing you to enjoy your holiday without entirely worrying.
Stay Connected
When visiting Malta, stay connected with an eSim card from Airalo.
How to use an eSIM Card
Are you going on a trip and want to stay connected without racking international roaming charges on your cell phone? Here’s what you need to do: set up wifi calling before you leave home. It’s easy to do and will allow you to call and text using wifi even when your phone is in airplane mode.
You can even FaceTime with other Apple users if you have an Apple phone. Android users can communicate with WhatsApp.
Another great option is to buy an eSIM card via Airalo. Upload an eSIM to your phone (don’t delete your eSIM from your cell phone carrier; switch it off for Data usage). Your eSIM provider will give you instructions on how to do this. Be aware that the eSIM is for data only and will only work in the countries where you’ve purchased the service. If you need to make calls or text using data, you can still use WhatsApp. Stay connected and save money with these tips!
How to get to Malta
Getting to Malta is easy, with the Malta International Airport (MLA) serving as the main gateway to this enchanting island. As the country’s national airline, KM Malta Airlines (replacing Air Malta 3/1/2024) offers many options, along with competitively priced flights from budget carriers such as Ryanair and EasyJet. Travelers can take advantage of direct flights from most European cities, ensuring a seamless journey. For those without a direct route, convenient connections are available through major hubs like London, Amsterdam, and Frankfurt, making the trip to Malta accessible and stress-free.
Best Times to Visit Malta
When planning a trip to Malta, the ideal times to visit depend mainly on what you’re looking for. Spring (April to June) is a fantastic choice for mild weather and fewer crowds. As nature awakens, the islands will bloom with beautiful colors. Spring temperatures range from 15°C to 23°C (59°F 73°F).
We visited in late March and June and enjoyed Spring’s mild, warm weather.
Summer (July to September) brings hot, sunny days, perfect for lounging by the sea or enjoying various water activities. But remember, this is peak tourist season, so expect higher prices and more visitors. Plus, it is swelting hot in the peak summer months. Summer months in Malta temperatures are 25°C – 30°C (77°F – 86°F).
If you are visiting Malta in the Summer, plan your explorations in the morning to avoid the heat, head to a beach or schedule a boat trip in the afternoon.
During autumn (October to November), the weather cools slightly, making exploring cities and historical sites comfortable. You’re less likely to need that umbrella, as rain is still infrequent. 20°C – 25°C (68°F – 77°F) are the average temperatures for Autunm. The downside of visiting during the Autumn is that the days begin to get shorter for sightseeing.
If a quiet, secluded trip appeals to you, consider winter (December to February). It’s more relaxed and might be rainy, but you get to experience Malta’s festive charm, especially during the Christmas season. Plus, accommodation rates are often lower. Winter temperatures range from 10°C – 15°C (50°F – 59°F).
When choosing your travel time, remember your personal comfort, budget, and desired activities. Each season in Malta has its unique charm!
Malta Festas & Holidays
Festas in Malta and Gozo are a vibrant and integral part of the island’s cultural heritage. They offer fireworks, religious processions, and lively street parties. These traditional celebrations are held in honor of the patron saints of various towns and villages throughout the summer, with significant holidays transforming the Maltese islands into festive decorations and merriment.
While these events are a must-see local customs that are a unique blend of devotion and festivity, it’s worth noting that during these occasions, especially on the sister island of Gozo, the influx of visitors can lead to crowded streets and venues. To enjoy the festas while avoiding the densest crowds, consider attending celebrations in the lesser-known villages or plan your visit to Gozo outside these peak holiday periods.
How Long to Stay in Malta
When planning a trip to Malta, consider the length of your stay to experience the island’s charm and diversity fully. A minimum stay of three days is recommended to explore the key highlights, including the historic capital city of Valletta, the stunning Blue Lagoon, and the ancient Mdina.
However, an ideal duration would be four to six days for a more relaxed and comprehensive visit that allows for deeper exploration and the opportunity to discover Malta’s hidden gems.
This gives you ample time to soak in the vibrant culture, savor the local cuisine and venture to the neighboring islands of Gozo and Comino. With a well-planned itinerary, a stay within this range ensures a fulfilling Maltese getaway that balances adventure with leisure.
Accommodation Options
Malta offers a range of accommodation options to cater to every traveler’s taste and preference. Whether you’re looking for a cultural experience in the heart of Valletta, vibrant nightlife in St. Julian’s, or a relaxing stay by the sea, you’ll find something to suit your needs.
Valletta Stays
Valletta, Malta’s capital, is steeped in history and charm, making it a delightful place to stay. You can choose from:
Luxury Resorts: Complete with spas, pools, and private beaches.
The Phoenicia Malta
Renowned for its excellent quality of service, the hotel is located on the doorstep of the City of Valletta, offering views over The Grand Harbor, historic Valletta, the hotel’s 7 acres of private gardens, or Floriana. The Phenicia Malta offers extensive services, including a relaxing Spa and Gym, indoor and outdoor swimming pools, the iconic Palm Court Lounge, The Club Bar, and 2 Restaurants.
Boutique Hotels: Unique and luxurious, often located in restored historic buildings.
Hotel Pjazza Merkanti
Offering stylish accommodations with free WiFi, Hotel Pjazza Merkanti—Boutique Living is set in Valletta, 1148 feet from the University of Malta—Valletta Campus. Manoel Theater is 328 feet away. Rooms are air-conditioned and have modern furnishings. They include a flat-screen TV, a mini-bar, and an electric kettle. The private bathroom has a hairdryer and complimentary toiletries. The Upper Barrakka Gardens are 1969 feet from the property, while Malta Airport is 6.2 mi away.
Budget Hotels: Great for solo travelers and those looking to save.
Grand Harbour Hotel
This hotel offers free Wi-Fi and a sun terrace. It is located in the city center of Malta’s Valletta and 656 feet from the harbor-view promenade. Reception is open 24 hours a day. Each room has an air-conditioned flat-screen TV, an electric kettle, and a private bathroom with a hairdryer and complimentary toiletries. Some rooms have views of the harbor. Enjoy a continental-style breakfast with pastries, cereal, and yogurt. Numerous cafes, shops, and restaurants are available a 3-minute from the hotel.
St. Julian’s for Nightlife
If you’re eager to experience Malta’s lively nightlife, St. Julian’s is the place for you. This area is popular among young travelers and offers:
Hotel Chains: Reliable comfort with familiar amenities.
Hyatt Regency Malta
Located in St. Julianʼs, Hyatt Regency Malta provides air-conditioned rooms, a seasonal outdoor swimming pool, free WiFi, and a fitness center. There is a restaurant, the property also features a garden, as well as an indoor pool and a sauna. A terrace, an on-site bar, and a shared lounge are available.
Boutique Hotels: Unique and luxurious, often located in restored historic buildings.
Hotel Juliani
Hotel Julian has panoramic views across Spinola Bay with a rooftop terrace and pool. Set in an elegant townhouse on Saint Julian’s seafront, it offers free Wi-Fi and free parking. Spacious, air-conditioned rooms at this boutique hotel include a mini-bar and a TV with satellite channels. Each private bathroom has soft bathrobes, plus a Walk-In shower and Rain shower, a hairdryer, and toiletries.
Local Guesthouses: Personalized service with a Maltese touch.
La Bella Guesthouse
La Bella Guesthouse is a recently renovated guest house in St. Julianʼs near Balluta Bay Beach. It offers an elevator, private check-in and check-out, free Wi-Fi throughout, and facilities for disabled guests.
Beachfront Properties in Mellieha, St. Paul’s Bay, or Bugibba
Nothing beats waking up to the sound of waves on your seaside getaway. Malta’s coastline boasts:
Beach Resorts: Complete with restaurants, pools, and beaches.
ibis Styles St. Pauls Bay Malta
Ibis Styles ST Pauls Bay Malta has an outdoor swimming pool, shared lounge, a terrace and bar in St. Paul’s Bay. This 3-star hotel offers a concierge service, a tour desk and free WiFi.
Popular points of interest near the accommodation include Bugibba Perched Beach, Qawra Point Beach and Tax-Xama Bay Beach. The nearest airport is Malta International Airport, 10 miles from the hotel.
Hotel Verdi
Located right on The Strand, a popular waterfront promenade, Hotel Verdi offers a fashionable getaway in the heart of Malta’s most cosmopolitan district. The hotel lies a short 20-minute drive from the airport, while convenient public transport links connect to many of the island’s must-visit destinations, including the history-rich capital city Valletta, the beaches and bays that dot the coastline between Sliema and St Julian’s, as well as Paceville’s nightlife spots. The ferry service to Valletta is also within short walking distance.
Self-Catering Apartments: Flexibility and space, ideal for families and groups.
A Seafront Home away from home
19-minute walk from Bugibba Perched Beach and 1.7 miles from Malta National Aquarium. This beachfront property offers access to a balcony. The apartment has free Wi-Fi, a terrace, and a restaurant. The air-conditioned apartment consists of 1 bedroom, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with an oven and a kettle, and one bathroom with a shower and complimentary toiletries. A flat-screen TV is provided. The property offers sea views.
Must-See Attractions
Malta is brimming with sights you won’t miss, from ancient historical treasures to breathtaking natural scenery. These attractions are quintessential to your Maltese adventure, giving you a glimpse into the island’s rich tapestry of history and natural beauty.
Historical Landmarks
Valletta, the UNESCO World Heritage Site: As Malta’s capital, Valletta is a living piece of history. Walk through the city’s fortified walls and experience the grandeur of St. John’s Co-Cathedral and the Upper Barrakka Gardens, offering a stunning view of the Grand Harbour.
Mdina, the ‘Silent City’: Step back as you wander Mdina’s narrow, winding streets. This former capital’s quiet charm and well-preserved architecture will transport you to a bygone era.
Megalithic Temples of Malta: Marvel at some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world. Sites like Ħaġar Qim showcase Malta’s prehistoric prowess, leaving you in awe of these ancient architectural feats.
Natural Wonders
Blue Grotto: This natural wonder features a dazzling array of blues reflecting off the sea caves. Take a boat ride to experience the spectacular interplay of light and water firsthand.
Dingli Cliffs: Malta’s highest point offers a panoramic view of the Mediterranean. Visit at sunset for a truly unforgettable moment where the sky meets the sea.
The Three Cities
Vittoriosa (Birgu): Known for its maritime history and fortifications, Birgu is rich with historical significance. Don’t miss the Maritime Museum for a deeper understanding of Malta’s connection to the sea.
Senglea (Isla): Isla’s watchtower, the Gardjola, provides a unique vantage point from which to view Valletta and the Grand Harbour.
Cospicua (Bormla): Explore Cospicua’s dockyard and fortifications, which tell the tale of Malta’s strategic importance through the ages. The city is filled with narrow streets lined with baroque buildings.
Transportation Tips
Navigating Malta is easy and enjoyable if you know the available options. You’ll find an array of choices, from public buses to private taxis, that cater to different needs and preferences.
Public Transit
Malta’s public transit system is efficient and covers most tourist destinations. Buses are the backbone of public transportation on the island. They operate extensively, connecting significant hubs, towns, and attractions. Utilize the following information for a smooth experience:
Bus Routes: Over 80 bus routes cover the islands of Malta and Gozo. You can review routes and schedules on the official Malta Public Transport website or mobile app.
Malta Transport Tallinja Card: For convenience and savings, get the Tallinja card, which offers reduced fares. Tourists can also get options like the Explore card, which provides unlimited seven-day travel.
Remember that bus schedules vary on weekends and public holidays, so planning is always a good idea. Also, remember that traveling by bus can be hot in the summer.
Private Vehicle Use
If you prefer a private mode of transport, consider the following options:
Car Rentals: Renting a car offers the freedom to explore freely. Drive on the left side of the road, and always remember to carry your driver’s license. You need to be a confident driver in Malta, which has narrow streets and is driven on the left. Also, Malta has parking challenges.
Taxis/Rideshare: Taxis are convenient for short distances or if you’re not inclined to drive. Reputable companies offer fixed rates, and ride-sharing services like eCabs and Bolt operate here. Agreeing on the fare before starting your trip with traditional taxis is advisable to avoid misunderstandings.
Ferry & Water Taxis: Traveling between the islands of Malta and Gozo is a scenic and enjoyable experience, thanks to the reliable ferry service that connects the two. The ferries are well-equipped with amenities to ensure a comfortable crossing, typically taking around 25 minutes. Ferries also connect Malta to Comino and Gozo and Comino.
There are also ferries and water taxi companies that connect Valletta with Three Cities and Sliema
Taxis and the Ferry are our preferred modes of transportation when visiting Malta for less than three days.
Culinary Delights
When visiting Malta, you’re in for a treat with the local cuisine, which is as rich in flavor as in history. Be prepared to indulge in dishes influenced by various Mediterranean culinary traditions.
Local Eats
Maltese cuisine is a fusion of Mediterranean flavors with a unique twist. Be sure to try:
Pastizz: Flaky pastry filled with ricotta or mushy peas.
Ftira: A ring-shaped Sourdough bread that is flatter than typical bread. It is often sliced in half to make a sandwich topped with potatoes, onions, and anchovies or tuna.
Aljotta: is a fish soup with lemon, garlic, mint, and rice. It is popular during the Lenten Season.
Gbejniet: Maltese goat cheese
Zalzett tal-Malti: Maltese sausage is made with pork, garlic, sea salt, and herbs.
Bragioli: Beef roll – beef or veal rolled with a mixture of breadcrumbs, garlic, and parsley.
Stuffat tal-Fenek (Maltese Rabbit Stew): Rabbit (Feneka) is cooked in various ways in Malta.
Grilled lampuka fish: It is the grilled mahi mahi of Malta
Local wine or wine from Sicily or Italy: Wine is very popular in Malta
Dining Recommendations
Your culinary journey in Malta should include dining at some recommended restaurants:
La Pira Maltese Kitchen – The best casual dining in Valletta is at this small family-run restaurant on Merchants Street.
Roots – Best for Seafood in Marsaxlokk with its atmosphere and caught that day fish.
Zero Sei Trattoria Romana: Known for their fantastic carbonara dishes in Valletta.
Rubino: This Valletta gem is perfect for sampling Maltese classics like rabbit stew.
The Medina Restaurant: Located in the silent city of Mdina, it provides an intimate setting with a menu that celebrates local ingredients.
Ta Rikardu: Set at the Citadel in Rabat, with spectacular views.
Acqua Terra e Mare – best romantic dining in St. Julian’s
The Harbor Club – located in a warehouse built in 1712, offers a stunning view of the Grand Harbor in Valletta.
Book in advance, as these hotspots are popular with locals and tourists.
Packing Essentials for Traveling to Malta
When you’re getting ready for your trip to Malta, packing smart can make your travel experience much more enjoyable. Remember that Malta’s weather varies by season, so your wardrobe should match the climate you’re about to enter.
Clothing for Comfort and Weather
Spring (March to May): The weather is mild. Pack a mixture of light and warm clothing, adaptable to the occasionally cool evenings. Bring a lightweight jacket to layer over long-sleeved shirts and short-sleeved T-shirts. Bring one pair of shorts, along with several pairs of pants. Always pack comfortable walking shoes.
Summer (June to August): It’s hot and sunny. Wear light, breathable clothing—pack accessories such as a sunhat, sunglasses, flip-flops, and swimsuits. Light dresses, shirts, and shorts are great summer options.
Autumn (September to November): Similar to spring, with a chance of rain. Include a waterproof jacket. Pack a few sweaters, long-sleeve tops, and closed-toe shoes.
Winter (December to February): It’s cooler and windier. Warm layers are essential. Pack a winter coat, warm sweaters, and waterproof shoes/boots. Don’t forget to pack a scarf and gloves as well.
Remember, no matter the season, a sturdy pair of shoes for walking the historic streets and a high-SPF sunscreen are must-haves. Always include a small backpack or bag for day trips. Adapting your wardrobe to the season and packing light are the keys to a successful and comfortable Malta experience.
Exploring Gozo and Comino
Gozo and Comino offer a tranquil escape from the hustle of mainland Malta. They feature historic sites and breathtaking lagoons. Experience their charm by planning your trip efficiently and allowing at least a day to explore.
Discovering Gozo Island
To reach Gozo, take a 25-minute ferry ride from Cirkewwa in Mellieha on the northern tip of Malta. The service runs frequently; you can bring a car or travel as a foot passenger. Once in Gozo, hire a car or use the local bus service to navigate the island. Don’t miss the Cittadella in Victoria, a fortified city with a rich history and panoramic island views. To taste local culture, visit the Ta’ Kola Windmill and the crafts village in Għarb.
Visiting Comino
Comino is smaller and more tranquil, famous for the Blue Lagoon — a turquoise paradise ideal for snorkeling. You can reach Comino by a short boat trip, which is available from both Gozo and the main island of Malta. Comino has fewer amenities, so bring what you need for the day. The island is car-free, encouraging you to explore its rugged beauty on foot. Santa Marija Tower offers an impressive vantage point integral to the island’s history. Remember to protect the natural environment during your visit.
Souvenirs to buy while visiting Malta
When visiting Malta, you can bring home a piece of its culture and tradition through various souvenirs.
Prickly Pear jam: spread made from the island’s native fruit, prickly pear
Prickly Pear liquor: a distinct sweet flavor that is a local specialty that captures the essence of the Mediterranean.
Maltese Lace: an exquisite craft that showcases the island’s rich history in textile artistry
Blown glass from Mdina: When visiting Mdina, buy exquisite blown glass renowned for its vibrant colors and intricate designs.
These souvenirs are not just mementos but tangible memories of the Maltese islands that you can cherish long after your visit.
Is Malta Safe for Solo Female Traveling?
Malta is generally considered a safe destination for solo female travelers, and it is known for its hospitable locals and low crime rate. Women traveling alone can feel confident exploring the island’s historic sites, picturesque beaches, and charming towns both during the day and at night. However, it’s best to avoid the nightlife areas when traveling alone. It is wise to exercise standard precautions when traveling anywhere: stay aware of your surroundings, avoid isolated areas after dark, keep valuables secure, and trust your instincts. By taking these common-sense measures, solo female travelers can enjoy all that Malta offers with an added sense of security.
Final Thoughts on Travel Tips for Malta
When planning a successful trip to Malta, you should align your travel dates with the island’s seasonal climates to guarantee a comfortable experience, be it basking in the warmth of the summer sun or enjoying the milder, crowd-free winter months. Selecting the right accommodation plays a crucial role in enhancing your stay, with various options available to cater to different tastes and budgets, from luxury resorts to charming boutique hotels. Lastly, getting acquainted with the local transportation options will significantly facilitate your exploration, allowing you to easily navigate the islands and discover Malta’s beauty and history. Considering these considerations, your Maltese adventure will surely be memorable and enjoyable.
Frequently Asked Questions
You should carry cash for small vendors and familiarize yourself with Maltese public transportation options. Understanding a bit of Maltese can enhance your interactions with locals, although many people speak English too.
The optimal time to visit Malta is during the shoulder months of April to June and September to October. During these periods, the weather is pleasant, tourist crowds are thinner, and accommodation prices are often lower.
According to the current guidelines, visitors to Malta must ensure they have a valid passport. You might also need a Schengen visa, depending on your country of origin. Always check for the latest travel health advisories and requirements before traveling.
American tourists will find Malta to be very welcoming. English is an official language, US credit cards are widely accepted, and electrical outlets can accommodate US plugs with a simple adapter.
Be mindful of your belongings in tourist areas to avoid pickpockets. Always stay hydrated, especially during the hot summer, and apply sunscreen. Be cautious of strong swimming currents and heed local advice on safe spots.
The most efficient way to see Malta is by using the comprehensive public bus system, which reaches major tourist destinations. Alternatively, renting a car can give you more flexibility to explore at your own pace.
Related Posts
Bars in St. John USVI: Best Spots for a Tropical Drink
Most Beautiful St. John USVI Beaches: Expert Guide & Tips
Saguaro National Park Itinerary: Your Ultimate Guide
Westin St. John Ferry and Public Ferry Information
Surviving a Long-Haul Flight: Top Tips from An Expert Traveler
Great post! Thanks for the tips and recommendations!
I’m going to Malta this summer! I’m saving this thanks for all the great tips
Malta looks like a beautiful destination to visit! Thank you so much for these helpful tips!
I’ve always been fascinated by the Maltese language and seeing your photos makes me want to practice using it… on the beach!
Great tips! Well timed for a trip coming up soon!
I’m going to Malta in the winter! I will share this with my family. Thank you for this guide!
Definitely can’t go wrong with summer at Malta, agreed!
Great tips! Malta is still on the list of places to visit in Europe, it looks really beautiful in your photos.